Effects of Straw Incorporation Years and Water-Saving Irrigation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Paddy Fields in Cold Region of Northeast China

Straw incorporation has a variety of impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, few studies have focused the effects multi-year straw incorporation. In this study, field experiment was established to study and water-saving irrigation GHG emissions in cold region Northeast China. The following four treatments were included: (i) controlled (CI) with 1-year (C1), (ii) 5-year (C5), (iii) flooded (FI) (F1), (iv) (F5). fluxes N2O, CO2, CH4 measured by static chamber–gas chromatography method, their global warming potential (GWP) intensity (GHGI) units CO2-equivalent at 100-year scale calculated. results showed that reduced N2O but increased Compared C1 F1, C5 F5 73.1% 44.9%, respectively, while increasing 101.7 195.8%, respectively. Under different regimes, CI 50.4–79.7% CO2 8.2–44.9% compared FI. contribution relatively high mature milk stages, range 16–54% 41–52% for treatments. contrast, mainly manifested tillering stage, 36–58% Affected higher FI, GWP 1.4–47.6% lower than addition, yield 10.0–11.5% which resulted GHGI 11.5–52.4% being lowest. regime combined an effective agronomic measure increase reduce from paddy fields